( Parts 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 )
6) The "historical materialism." crash of capitalism and establishment of communism.
Since the reality experienced by human beings is for Marx as for Hegel, a product of the action of the dialectical laws, history is always to achieve a goal, overcoming the contradictions of earlier stages. Thus, the course of historical events as necessary, so now all suffering and discomfort is inevitable and unavoidable, so that the future will provide us the solution to our problems. This solution will only be possible, as already stated, when take place the replacement of the current capitalist mode of production by a communist in the removal of inequalities between social classes (or, rather, the disappearance of the same social class) , which behave, claimed Marx, overcoming of forms of alienation that are at the root of our ills and misfortunes.
Marx argued that the social revolution ends up being a reality, imposed when there are conflicts inherent in the capitalist system itself, between the forces of production, ie, the working masses, and the relations of production (the relationship between workers and owners .) Given that these relationships lead to inequality, it creates a disruption in the infrastructure, to be a deep economic disparity between the two factions, which eventually turn determine changes in the superstructure and its components (system ideological, political and social .)
have been different production relations throughout history. In fact, for Marx is precisely such differing production systems which has led to the historical stages (and not vice versa). In any of the existing to the times of Marx ruled classes, but thanks to the communism that segregation be eradicated. The three previous modes of production were:
a) slavery (slave society), ruled by the masters, dominating slaves, who are merely the means or instruments.
b) Feudalism (feudal) society, ruled by the lords and their servants and vassals who pay homage. The earth works servant, but is owned by the feudal lord.
c) capitalism (capitalist society): the current (both in Marx's time as today, but with shades). The ruling class is the bourgeoisie (or the owners of the means of production), and dominated the proletariat class.
Finally, Marx predicts the emergence of communism after the collapse of capitalism, where there will be no classes and the means of production belong to the State. The inevitable collapse of capitalism, Marx argues, because in the first place a system that only seeks to achieve economic benefit to the employer can not maintained for a long time. This is because in order to maximize the benefit is required to produce the lowest possible cost, which is using increasing amounts of machinery and the fewer workers better, something only possible in large companies and corporations. Consequently, both the proletariat (as will to swell the ranks of the unemployed, or have to work a lot of time) and small entrepreneurs, absorbed and neutralized by the larger companies will see their discontent with economic disadvantage and the chances of work. To eradicate this situation will be essential unity of the proletariat, the bourgeoisie demanding higher wages and less stringent schedules or, in extreme case scenario, the same social defeat.
Thus, it is the same capitalist system who will self-destruct, a product of social injustice that results from the different classes and a set of laws inherent in such a system, including, for example, the law downward trend benefit. If capitalism seeks to maximize profits, will be necessary to lower wages and increase production as much as possible. But offer less money to producers and labor means less income for them, so that demand will fall as more financial resources will be lower. Therefore, the benefits decrease and the company can borrow, or even in bankruptcy, destroy capitalism itself.
Furthermore find the law of increasing pauperization or, in other words, the growing number of large monopolies or dominant business groups that offer ever-lower prices and stifle the medium and small businesses, where owners are forced to close because they can not compete with them on equal terms, becoming proletarians themselves or offering even lower wages for scarce workers, resulting in discontent. In this situation
Marx advocated that the proletarian class begin to become aware of their situation and begin a process of revolution against the injustices of the bourgeoisie. Although it possesses the means of repression and power to prevent this revolution, all social class is over the other depends on them for survival, because it is their job, the proletariat in this case, which sustains . Therefore, the union of the working classes eventually oust the bourgeoisie from its privileged position, and will then will start a temporary "dictatorship of the proletariat." This phase will consist of a stranglehold on the working class, acquiring the power of society to restore a political and economic order in which private property will definitely be abolished, social classes end up being neutralized and the means of production belong entirely to the state, which possess resources and procedures to establish a communist order.
After this stage, disappear once the various degrees of class between workers will be organized into large cooperatives where everything produced will be for everyone. Each person will bring his work and his action based on their skills, and receive the group in terms of what you need. So reads the maximum Marxist "from each according to his abilities, to each according to their needs. " The collectivization of the means of production, the abolition of private property and class distinctions, the complete eradication of all forms of alienation that plague human life, identification between producer and product, and the reality of equality between workers allow disappearance of the prehistoric state that was mired in humans and we enter the truly historic step for mankind.
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