5) infrastructure and superstructure.
For Marx human liberation, final emancipation and eradication of the various alienations that grips are only possible, as already said, if you remodel the social and economic circumstances in which they live. Modifying these situations may emerge a new man, but this can be processed root structure that conforms to the same society. This, in the eyes of Marx, is divided into two major sections: the infrastructure and superstructure.
A) INFRASTRUCTURE
corresponds to the economic structure of society, that is, the way how to sort the different ways to meet the material life of individuals. Is determined by:
For Marx human liberation, final emancipation and eradication of the various alienations that grips are only possible, as already said, if you remodel the social and economic circumstances in which they live. Modifying these situations may emerge a new man, but this can be processed root structure that conforms to the same society. This, in the eyes of Marx, is divided into two major sections: the infrastructure and superstructure.
A) INFRASTRUCTURE
corresponds to the economic structure of society, that is, the way how to sort the different ways to meet the material life of individuals. Is determined by:
- productive forces: those elements that are required for procure the products of a society at a specific time. Productive forces are obvious natural resources to which they have access to (and, at different times are different due to new techniques to obtain them [eg coal, oil]) and all instruments, machinery, accumulated knowledge, skills, labor, etc.
- Relations of production: those that are set among individuals according to the hierarchical position of each within the production system. Can lead to relations of subordination or domination, for example, and respect to those responsible for the means of production (businesses, presidents, directors, etc..) and those who provide their productive (proletariat).
Based on how to blend these two elements of the infrastructure of all production system we can observe the creation of different types of society, which changes over time. Even Marx were three types, principally ("slave", "feudal" and "capitalist", discussed in the next installment in this series), which would add Communism
B) SUPERSTRUCTURE
Meanwhile
The superstructure means, within Marxism, the set of institutions and systems of social, legal and political and forms of consciousness (whether religious, artistic or philosophical) specific to each production system and are conditioned by it. Examine them.
- ideological superstructure: the form the body of beliefs, ways of thought and ideas of each society. Expressions are religious, scientific, philosophical and artistic.
- social superstructure : corresponds to the classic "class divide", a system of social organization whose features are related to the place in the productive system, as we know, are divided into dominant and dominated (Or owners and productive forces).
- legal and political superstructure, as is the way political power is organized and available
law society. As we have seen, Marx believed, not every type of society generated a specific legislative and political power, but were these elements that determine the appearance of a form of society, all of which resulted finally in a unique economic structure, adapted precisely that political and legislative power. In other words, they are, as always, under the reins of the ruling classes (owners, managers, etc.), Which end up directing and molding the entire system of laws and policies for their own protection and expansion.
mention, then a text Morató Jordi Cortes (" Herder Dictionary of Philosophy") regarding the relationship between infrastructure and superstructure, " To the extent that the superstructure is dependent on the real economic base, that is, productive relations, the superstructure is established as the dominant ideology, that is, as the ideology of the ruling class in the mode of production that engenders. This term is used by Marx's "Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, in the context of a general and abbreviated formulation of his conception of historical materialism. Should therefore be understood as a general formulation, abbreviated hence the controversies that have arisen regarding whether the economic base determines completely or only 'last resort', the superstructure, or to what extent changes the superstructure may determine changes in economic structure, are relative, however, and should be considered Marxist theory as a whole. However, Engels said that "ultimate" must explain the full range of legal and political institutions, and representations of religion, philosophy and ideological characteristics of each era, from the infrastructure. But in a letter to J. Bloch, Engels himself qualifies this determination "ultimate", which is not merely an economic determinism, noting the appearance of interaction between the two bodies: the infrastructure and superstructure . "
But Marx is not limited to: " model production of material life determines the general character of the processes of social, political and spiritual ." It thus appears that although both the infrastructure and superstructure to object dialectically, to reach a new status of social change (This is what Marx himself admits), always follow the direction of the same point (economic system) and goes to the same goal (the ideological system, social and political). Without a change in that, it is impossible to conceive their radical transformation.
(continued)
- Relations of production: those that are set among individuals according to the hierarchical position of each within the production system. Can lead to relations of subordination or domination, for example, and respect to those responsible for the means of production (businesses, presidents, directors, etc..) and those who provide their productive (proletariat).
Based on how to blend these two elements of the infrastructure of all production system we can observe the creation of different types of society, which changes over time. Even Marx were three types, principally ("slave", "feudal" and "capitalist", discussed in the next installment in this series), which would add Communism
B) SUPERSTRUCTURE
Meanwhile
The superstructure means, within Marxism, the set of institutions and systems of social, legal and political and forms of consciousness (whether religious, artistic or philosophical) specific to each production system and are conditioned by it. Examine them.
- ideological superstructure: the form the body of beliefs, ways of thought and ideas of each society. Expressions are religious, scientific, philosophical and artistic.
- social superstructure : corresponds to the classic "class divide", a system of social organization whose features are related to the place in the productive system, as we know, are divided into dominant and dominated (Or owners and productive forces).
- legal and political superstructure, as is the way political power is organized and available
law society. As we have seen, Marx believed, not every type of society generated a specific legislative and political power, but were these elements that determine the appearance of a form of society, all of which resulted finally in a unique economic structure, adapted precisely that political and legislative power. In other words, they are, as always, under the reins of the ruling classes (owners, managers, etc.), Which end up directing and molding the entire system of laws and policies for their own protection and expansion.
mention, then a text Morató Jordi Cortes (" Herder Dictionary of Philosophy") regarding the relationship between infrastructure and superstructure, " To the extent that the superstructure is dependent on the real economic base, that is, productive relations, the superstructure is established as the dominant ideology, that is, as the ideology of the ruling class in the mode of production that engenders. This term is used by Marx's "Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, in the context of a general and abbreviated formulation of his conception of historical materialism. Should therefore be understood as a general formulation, abbreviated hence the controversies that have arisen regarding whether the economic base determines completely or only 'last resort', the superstructure, or to what extent changes the superstructure may determine changes in economic structure, are relative, however, and should be considered Marxist theory as a whole. However, Engels said that "ultimate" must explain the full range of legal and political institutions, and representations of religion, philosophy and ideological characteristics of each era, from the infrastructure. But in a letter to J. Bloch, Engels himself qualifies this determination "ultimate", which is not merely an economic determinism, noting the appearance of interaction between the two bodies: the infrastructure and superstructure . "
But Marx is not limited to: " model production of material life determines the general character of the processes of social, political and spiritual ." It thus appears that although both the infrastructure and superstructure to object dialectically, to reach a new status of social change (This is what Marx himself admits), always follow the direction of the same point (economic system) and goes to the same goal (the ideological system, social and political). Without a change in that, it is impossible to conceive their radical transformation.
(continued)
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